The World Market For Unwrought Aluminum Alloys: A 2011 Global Trade Perspective - Download 'n' Read9/17/2017 ![]() Future Raw Material Supply: Opportunities and Limits of Aluminium Recycling in Austria. Self- supply with Al old scrap in Austria is calculated with respect to the industrial Al demand (secondary Al production) and the final Al consumption. The latter is used to simulate the theoretical situation, where national Al demand (final goods) has to be covered by national secondary production, considering all foreign trade flows to be zero. Assuming a 2 % CAGR for national secondary Al production, sssec. Fig. 3a). If secondary production grows at 4 % CAGR, \( {\text{ss}}_{{{ \sec } . In view of the consumption, a \( {\text{ss}}_{\text{consumption}} \) around 4. Middle scenario (cf. Fig. 3b). Analysing the effect of enhanced recycling on self- supply with old scrap indicates that for the recycling scenario Rhigh, the national self- supply at in- use stage \( {\text{ss}}_{\text{consumption}} \) will increase to nearly 5. If exported “end of life” vehicles are additionally accounted for, national recycling \( {\text{ss}}_{\text{consumption}} \) may increase up to 7. However, from the production perspective, only a 3 % increase of \( {\text{ss}}_{{{ \sec } . CAGR. If in addition vehicle exports are terminated, a 6 % increase of \( {\text{ss}}_{{{ \sec } . In the case of assuming a 2 % CAGR for secondary production, the corresponding \( {\text{ss}}_{{{ \sec } . However, in analysing the potential effects on self- supply through enhanced recycling measures, one has to keep in mind that not all vehicles exported nowadays are really scrap vehicles (e. Therefore, the effect of terminating vehicle exports on self- supply is probably overestimated in the present analysis (i.
Furthermore, processing scrap from the production of semi- finished products as well as manufacturing scrap is not considered in the calculation of self- supply. Processing scrap is mostly kept in a closed in- house cycle and therefore not available on the scrap market, while subsequent manufacturing scrap is mostly recycled in an open loop on the market but also regarded as new scrap. By including manufacturing scrap, a 9 % increase in industrial self- supply could be achieved currently. However, the effects of new scrap recycling in terms of resource and energy savings as well as environmental impacts certainly deviate from old scrap recycling, and therefore, new scrap should not be considered in terms of raw material substitution [1. 9780763516963 0763516961 Spa-Tb Big Bad Cook-Sp, Yukish 9781436755986 1436755980 A Treatise on Blood Pressure in Ocular Work - With Special Reference to Factors of.9788446014898 8446014890 Diccionario Akal de Historiadores Espanoles Contemporaneos, Gonzalo Pasamar, Ignacio Peiro Martin 9788467509069 8467509066 Tus Books - El. Fig. 3a Self- supply regarding future old scrap generation and secondary production (\( {\text{ss}}_{{{ \sec } . Recycling scenarios Rhigh and Rmax are indicated in dashed lines. The trend of future self- supply regarding final Al consumption (Fig. 3b) indicates that complete self- supply by 2. Al consumption. Even in the best case scenario (high collection rates, no vehicle exports), self- supply could not surpass a level of 7. In order to contrast the forecasts of future Al consumption presented with the idea of decoupling [2. Al consumption is shown in Fig. 4. If per capita Al consumption remains constant at the level of 2. Al consumption self- supply could reach 8. In the case of constant per capita consumption, the amount of Al consumed increases by 1. In order to arrive at a consumption self- supply level of 1. Al consumption = Al old scrap), Al per capita consumption would have to decrease by 3. Such a 3. 0 % decrease of per capita consumption would correspond to a decrease of 2. Al consumed in Austria in the year 2. Trends in self- supply as well as total in- use stocks are shown in Fig. 4. Recycling (CR, PR) and production losses are not considered in the trends of self- supply (given in Fig. 4), thus resulting in a theoretical self- supply situation because 1. Al is not possible in a real system due to dissipative losses during usage, considerably increasing recycling efforts in order to obtain high CR and PR and thermodynamic limitations in production. Fig. 4. Self- supply (\( {\text{ss}}_{\text{consumption}} \)) with constant per capita consumption (dashed line) and self- supply with a 3. Corresponding total in- use stock developments are shown to the right.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |